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Impatience Is a Virtue for This Innovative UA Freshman

By Guest PostMarch 5, 2018Sciencecliche about patience, daniela zarnescu, jeremiah pate, metal in smartphones, palladium

Jeremiah Pate refused to wait until after graduation to found a company, and now he is designing satellites that can explore asteroids and proteins that can battle Parkinson’s disease. (more…)

Die verräterische Strahlung von metallischen Asteroiden

By Guest PostApril 3, 2014Scienceallacma fusca, andreas exenberger, asteroid, das kapital, der schirmherr, die verteilung, dlr, dlr institut, jonathan mcintosh, NASA, oekonom, osmium, palladium, popular measure, strahlung, thomas piketty, thomas scholten, tnt, usa, vermoegen, Wei Qin, wise

Tausende von Datensätzen des NASA-Weltraumteleskops WISE (Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer) haben die Planetenforscher des Deutschen Zentrums für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) ausgewertet – und kamen dabei den metallischen Asteroiden auf die Spur: Die Schwergewichte unter den Asteroiden bleiben erstaunlich kühl und geben anscheinend weniger Wärmestrahlung als die Gesteinsasteroiden ab, wenn man sie mit einem Infrarot-Teleskop beobachtet. “Das war für mich eine große Überraschung”, betont Prof. Alan Harris. “Unsere Ergebnisse deuten auf eine höhere Anzahl von metallischen Objekten im Sonnensystem hin, als wir bisher vermutet haben.” Das Aufspüren von metallreichen Asteroiden ist aus mehreren Gründen wichtig: Sie sind besonders gefährlich, wenn sie auf die Erde einschlagen würden, und sind zugleich potenzielle Rohstofflieferanten für die Industrie in der Zukunft. Die Forschungsarbeit ist in der aktuellen Ausgabe der Zeitschrift “Astrophysical Journal Letters” erschienen. (more…)

More Bang for the Biofuel Buck

By Guest PostNovember 18, 2012Environmentabe products, acetone, artillery shells, bacterium, berkeley lab, biofuels, british, bullets, butanol, chaim weizmann, clostridium acetobutylicum, dean toste, diesel, douglas clark, elad gross, ethanol, fermentation technique, fuel molecules, gasoline, gunpowder, harvey blanch, hydrocarbons, jet fuel, joseph binder, lignocellulosic biomass, low carbon, metal catalyst, palladium, palladium catalyst, pazhamalai anbarasan, petrochemical processes, propellant, sanil sreekumar, weizmann organism, world war, zachary baer

Berkeley Lab Researchers Combine Old Fermentation Process For Making Explosives with New Chemical Catalysis to Boost Biofuel Production

A fermentation technique once used to make cordite, the explosive propellant that replaced gunpowder in bullets and artillery shells, may find an important new use in the production of advanced biofuels. With the addition of a metal catalyst, researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) have shown that the production of acetone, butanol and ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass could be selectively upgraded to the high volume production of gasoline, diesel or jet fuel.

Using the bacterium Clostridium acetobutylicum, the Berkeley Lab researchers fermented the sugars found in biomass into the solvent acetone and the alcohols butanol and ethanol, collectively known as “ABE” products. They then catalyzed these low carbon number products with the transition metal palladium into higher-molecular-mass hydrocarbons that are possible precursors to the three major transportation fuel molecules. The specific type of fuel molecule produced – whether a precursor to gasoline, diesel or jet – was determined by the amount of time the ABE products resided with the palladium catalyst. (more…)

The Best of Both Catalytic Worlds

By Guest PostOctober 13, 2012ScienceBerkeley, berkeley lab, biochemistry, biomolecule, california, cancer, catalysis program, catalyst, catalytic reactivity, chemical reaction, cholesterol medicine, complex reaction, cyclopropanation reaction, cyclopropane, dean toste, dendrimers, elad gross, enzyme, gabor somorjai, gold nanocluster, heterogeneous, homogeneous, industrial catalyst, metal catalysts, metal nanocluster, molecule, palladium, pamam, platinum, product selectivity, property, protein, recyclability, rhodium, substance, university

Berkeley Lab Researchers Develop New Technique for Heterogenizing Homogenous Nano Catalysts

Catalysts are substances that speed up the rates of chemical reactions without themselves being chemically changed. Industrial catalysts come in two main types – heterogeneous, in which the catalyst is in a different phase from the reactants; and homogeneous, in which catalyst and the reactants are in the same phase. Heterogeneous catalysts are valued for their sustainability because they can be recycled. Homogeneous catalysts are valued for their product selectivity as their properties can be easily tuned through relatively simple chemistry.

Researchers with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) have combined the best properties of both types of industrial catalysts by encapsulating nanoclusters of a metallic heterogeneous catalyst within the branched arms of the molecules known as dendrimers. (more…)

Novel Chemical Reaction

By Guest PostApril 16, 2012Scienceacs, akira suzuki, carbon hydrogen bond, carbon silicon bond, catalyst, chemical reaction, chemistry, derek ahneman, donald watson, ei ichi negishi, heck reaction, hybrid catalyst, japanese scientists, jesse mcatee, keywan johnson, medicine, metal, molecules, nobel prize, palladium, plastics, reactive, richard f heck, san diego, sara martin, tracey bryant, university of delaware

University research advance inspired by UD Nobel Prize winner Richard Heck

A chemical reaction reported by University of Delaware assistant professor Donald Watson and his laboratory group has set the chemistry world abuzz for its creativity and potential utility.

Watson and his team in the UD Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry have developed a chemical reaction that converts carbon-hydrogen bonds to carbon-silicon bonds using the metal palladium as a catalyst, yielding an important new tool for building molecules. The potential industrial applications are broad, ranging from the manufacture of medicines to plastics. (more…)

Touch of Gold Improves Nanoparticle Fuel-Cell Reactions

By Guest PostMarch 13, 2012Scienceadvanced electron microscopy, brown university, carbon monoxide, catalyst, co, crystal structure, crystallization, feptau, formic acid, fuel cell reaction, gold, gold atom, helmets, huiyuan zhu, japanese firefighters, mass activity, metallic nanoparticle, nanoparticle catalyst, np, organic material, oxidation, palladium, sen zhang, shaojun guo, shouheng sun, tetragonal, trimetallic nanoparticle

Chemists at Brown University have created a triple-headed metallic nanoparticle that reportedly performs better and lasts longer than any other nanoparticle catalyst studied in fuel-cell reactions. The key is the addition of gold: It yields a more uniform crystal structure while removing carbon monoxide from the reaction. Results published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society.

PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] — Advances in fuel-cell technology have been stymied by the inadequacy of metals studied as catalysts. The drawback to platinum, other than cost, is that it absorbs carbon monoxide in reactions involving fuel cells powered by organic materials like formic acid. A more recently tested metal, palladium, breaks down over time. (more…)

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